Here is a list of the site templates/definitions shipped with SharePoint 2010 Enterprise Edition. I have also added a column describing which features that are enabled by default.
Name Type Category Description Features activated
Assets Web Database Site Web Databases Create an asset database to keep track of assets, including asset details and owners. Metadata Navigation and Filtering Offline Synchronization for External Lists
Basic Meeting Workspace Site Meetings A site to plan, organize and capture the results of a meeting. It provides lists for managing the agenda, meeting attendees, and documents. Metadata Navigation and Filtering Offline Synchronization for External Lists SharePoint Server Enterprise Site features SharePoint Server Standard Site features Team Collaboration Lists
Basic Search Center Site Search A site for delivering the search experience. The site includes pages for search results and advanced searches. Offline Synchronization for E...